The CSP of a first-order theory $T$ is the problem of deciding for a given finite set $S$ of atomic formulas whether $T \cup S$ is satisfiable. Let $T_1$ and $T_2$ be two theories with countably infinite models and disjoint signatures. Nelson and Oppen presented conditions that imply decidability (or polynomial-time decidability) of $\mathrm{CSP}(T_1 \cup T_2)$ under the assumption that $\mathr...

This paper provides short proofs of two fundamental theorems of finite semigroup theory whose previous proofs were significantly longer, namely the two-sided Krohn-Rhodes decomposition theorem and Henckell's aperiodic pointlike theorem, using a new algebraic technique that we call the merge decomposition. A prototypical application of this technique decomposes a semigroup $T$ into a two-sided s...

suppose $f$ is a map from a non-empty finite set $x$ to a finite group $g$. define the map $zeta^f_g: glongrightarrow mathbb{n}cup {0}$ by $gmapsto |f^{-1}(g)|$. in this article, we show that for a suitable choice of $f$, the map $zeta^f_g$ is a character. we use our results to show that the solution function for the word equation $w(t_1,t_2,dots,t_n)=g$ ($gin g$) is a character, where $w(t_1,t...

Let $n\in \mathbb{N}, n\geq 2.$ An element $x=(x_1, \ldots, x_n)\in E^n$ is called a {\em norming point} of $T\in {\mathcal L}(^n E)$ if $\|x_1\|=\cdots=\|x_n\|=1$ and$|T(x)|=\|T\|,$ where ${\mathcal denotes the space all continuous $n$-linear forms on $E.$For we define set} $T$
 \centerline{$\qopname\relax o{Norm}(T)=\Big\{(x_1, E^n: (x_1, x_n)~\mbox{is point of}~T\Big\}.$}
 By $i=(i...

 Suppose $f$ is a map from a non-empty finite set $X$ to a finite group $G$. Define the map $zeta^f_G: Glongrightarrow mathbb{N}cup {0}$ by $gmapsto |f^{-1}(g)|$. In this article, we show that for a suitable choice of $f$, the map $zeta^f_G$ is a character. We use our results to show that the solution function for the word equation $w(t_1,t_2,dots,t_n)=g$ ($gin G$) is a character, where $w(t_1,...